What Makes It Required 120
وَالْمُوْجِبُ لَهُ:
The Book of Purification
Ritual Bath after Major (Sexual)
Impurity
The book of purification
The book of prayer
Importance of Prayer & Ruling of its Abandonment
Facing the Qiblah & Intention in the Prayer
Etiquettes of Walking to Prayer and its Description
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Pillars and Mandatory Acts of Prayer
Two Prostrations of Forgetfulness
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers Continued
Times of Prohibition of (Supererogatory) Prayer
Chapter on Imamate
Chapter on Imamate Continued
Congregational Prayers & Latecomers
Prayer of The Sick
Prayer of The Traveler
Prayer of Fear
Jumu'ah (Congregational Friday) Prayer
Jumu'ah (Congregational Friday) Prayer Continued
Prayer of the Two Eids
The Book of Funerals
Book on Funeral
Washing, Shrouding, and Funeral Prayer
Funeral Prayer Continued
Ending the Book of Funerals
The Book of Fasting
Book of Fasting
Confusion, Exemption, and Expiation of Fasting
Invalidators of Fasting, Forgetfulness, and Doubts
Voluntary Fasing and I'tikaf
The Book of Hajj and Umrah
The Book of Hajj and 'Umrah
Chapter on Ihram Sites
The State of Ihram
Forbidden Acts of Ihram
Expiations in Hajj
Entering Makkah and Tawaf
Major Ablution (Ghusl) for Major Sexual Ritual Impurity
بَابُ الْغُسْلِ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ
120. What Makes It Required
Imam Ibn Qudâmah did not mention menstrual and postpartum bleeding, since he was only addressing the ritual bath after sexual impurity, but both types of bleeding require a ritual bath once the bleeding stops. Additionally, according to (A/SM), the following also require a ritual bath: acceptance (or reacceptance) of Islam and death (which requires the community to provide the deceased with a ritual bath).
What Is Forbidden for One with Janâbah (Sexual Impurity)?
Praying.
Ṭawâf: purity is also a condition of its validity according to (A) + (+M,
+S); while it is not a condition of validity according to (a) + (-H, -t).
(A) + (+H, +S): Reciting one or more verses of the Qur’an aloud. (-Z)
allowed it.
(A) + (+H, +M, +S): Touching the muṣ-ḥaf with the bare hands.
(This does not apply to electronic applications.)
(A) + (+H, +M, +S): Staying in the masjid (mosque).
121.Ejaculation without Intercourse
This is because the Prophet (SA) said:
"The ritual bath becomes mandatory upon the ejaculation of semen." (M – from Abu Sa‘eed)
إنما الْمَاءُ من الْمَاءِ.
(A/SM): The mere ‘descent’ of semen, even without external excretion, makes ghusl binding. This is when one feels it moved inside him.
Mandatory Acts:
وَالْوَاجِبُ فِيْهِ:
The intention,
النِّيَّةُ،
washing the entire body, 124
وَتَعْمِيْمُ بَدَنِهِ بِالْغَسْلِ،
rinsing the mouth and the nostrils. 125
مَعَ الْمَضْمَضَةِ وَالْاِسْتِنْشَاقِ.
122. It is gushing when it comes out due to lust, as with sexual intimacy or nocturnal emissions (wet dreams). If it flows out due to a cause other than lust, as a result of some sickness, then it does not make ghusl mandatory.
123. Intercourse without Ejaculation
This is the case whether or not he ejaculated, for the Prophet (SA) said:
"If one circumcised part passes the other, ritual bath becomes mandatory [D: whether or not he ejaculates]." (D,T – from ‘Â’ishah. T:RS)
إذا جَاوَزَ الْخِتَانُ الْخِتَانَ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْغُسْلُ [أنزل أو لم ينزل في رواية أبي داود]
Note that the two previous rules apply to both men and women. For women, semen refers to the discharge that comes out with a sexual climax. When a woman asked whether wet dreams make ghusl required for women, the Prophet (SA) replied:
"Yes, if she saw the water (vaginal discharge accompanying a climax)." (B – from Umm Salamah)
نعم إذا رَأَتْ الْمَاءَ
124 . For Allah (ST) says:
{O you who believe! Approach not the prayer when you are in a drunken state until you know (the meaning) of what you utter, nor when you are in a state of janâbah (ritual impurity due to sexual activity or emission), except when traveling on the road (without enough water, or just passing through a mosque), until you wash your whole body…} (an-Nisâ’ 4: 43)
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنتُمْ سُكَارَىٰ حَتَّىٰ تَعْلَمُوا مَا تَقُولُونَ وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ حَتَّىٰ تَغْتَسِلُوا
125. (A) + (+H): These acts are mandatory.
(-M, -S): These acts are preferred.
Recommended Acts:
وَتُسَنُّ:
Saying Bismillâh, 126
التَّسْمِيَةُ،
rubbing the body with the hand, 127
وَأَنْ يَدْلُكَ بَدَنَهُ بِيَدِهِ.
doing as reported by Maymoonah (RAH), who said, "I covered the Prophet (SA), and he made major ablution to remove major ritual impurity. He started by washing his hands, then he poured water with his right hand onto the left and washed his private organ and whatever [may have been] smeared [by semen from] it. Then he struck his hand against the [earthen] wall and floor [to scrub off any residue], performed the usual wuḍoo’ for prayers, and then poured water over his body. Then he moved slightly [to a clean part of the ground] and washed his feet." 128
وَيَفْعَلَ كَمَا رَوَتْ مَيْمُوْنَةُ، قَالَتْ: "سَتَرْتُ النَّبِيَّ ، فَاغْتَسَلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ، فَبَدَأَ فَغَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ صَبَّ بِيَمِيْنِهِ عَلَى شِمَالِهِ، فَغَسَلَ فَرْجَهُ وَمَا أَصَابَهُ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى الْحَائِطِ أَوِالأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ وُضُوْءَهُ لِلصَّلاَةِ، ثُمَّ أَفَاضَ الْمَاءَ عَلَى بَدَنِهِ، ثَمَّ تَنَحَّى فَغَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ."
The popular opinion in the madh-hab is that they are mandatory in both ghusl and wuḍoo’ because they are part of the face that we are commanded to wash. (A/SM): This is also based on some other reports that have been mentioned in the chapter of wuḍoo’. The description of the Prophet’s ghusl included them both.
126. For it is recommended in wuḍoo’, and ghusl is the greater ablution. (A/SM): It is mandatory in both.
127. Rubbing the Body
(A) + (+H, +S): Preferable.
(-M): Mandatory.
The proof for the majority is the Prophet’s response when Umm
Salamah (RAH) asked if she had to unbraid her hair for ghusl:
"It would suffice you to pour three handfuls of water on your head and then pour water on your body, and you then become purified." (M)
إنما يَكْفِيكِ أَنْ تَحْثِيَ على رَأْسِكِ ثَلَاثَ حَثَيَاتٍ ثُمَّ تُفِيضِينَ عَلَيْكِ الْمَاءَ فَتَطْهُرِينَ.
Note that (-M, -S) may have some proof in this hadith that rinsing the mouth and nostrils is not mandatory.
[Unbraiding the Hair]
It is not mandatory to unbraid the hair for the major ablution required due to major ritual impurity, as long as the roots are saturated with water. 129
وَلاَ يَجِبُ نَقْضُ الشَّعَرِ فِيْ غُسْلِ الْجَنَابَةِ إِذاَ رَوِّي أُصُوْلُهُ.
[Matters of Intention]
If one intended by his ghusl both types of purification, 130 it would suffice for both. Likewise, if one made tayammum for the two types of ritual impurity (major and minor) as well as the filth on his body, it would suffice for all. If he intended some of them, then he only gets what he intended. 131
وَإِذَا نَوَى بِغَسْلِهِ الطَّهَارَتَيْنِ، أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُمَا. وَكَذٰلِكَ لَوْ تَيَمَّمَ لِلْحَدَثَيْنِ وَالنَّجَاسَةِ عَلَى بَدَنِهِ أَجْزَأَ عَنْ جَمِيْعِهَا. وَإِنْ نَوَى بَعْضَهَا فَلَيْسَ لَهُ إِلاَّ مَا نَوَى.
128. (Ag)
129. For the Prophet (SA) told Umm Salamah (RAH), when she asked if she had to unbraid her hair for ghusl:
"It would suffice you to pour three handfuls of water on your head and then pour water on your body, and you then become purified." (M)
إنما يَكْفِيكِ أَنْ تَحْثِيَ على رَأْسِكِ ثَلَاثَ حَثَيَاتٍ ثُمَّ تُفِيضِينَ عَلَيْكِ الْمَاءَ فَتَطْهُرِينَ.
(A/SM): For ghusl after menstruation and postpartum bleeding, though, the hair must be unbraided.
130. The two types of purification refer to the major ablution (ghusl) and minor ablution (wuḍoo’).
131. (A/SM): If someone makes ghusl with the intention of being able to stay in the masjid (an act which does not require wuḍoo’), they will still need to make wuḍoo’ before embarking on any acts that require it. (A/SM): If someone makes ghusl with the intention of removing ritual impurity, without specifying major or minor impurity, the ghusl will remove all impurity, and they will not need to make wuḍoo’.
When is Ghusl Recommended?
(A/SM):
1- Jumu‘ah prayer, based on explicit statements of the Prophet (SA),
2- Eid prayer, based on reports from the Companions (RAHUM),
3- Khusoof (eclipse) prayer,
4- Istisqâ’ prayer (for rain),
5- Going into iḥrâm (the state of consecration for Hajj or for ‘umrah, the minor pilgrimage),
6- Entering Makkah,
7- Entering al-Masjid al-Ḥarâm,
8- Standing at ‘Arafah,
9- Overnight stay in Muzdalifah,
10- Pelting the jamarât,
11- Ṭawâf al-ifâḍah,
12- Ṭawâf al-wadâ’,
13- After transient insanity,
14- After a coma,
15- Before every prayer, for a woman with prolonged bleeding (istiḥâḍah), and
16-After washing the dead.
Wuḍoo’ if Ghusl Is Deferred
(A/SM): Wuḍoo’ is recommended for the one with janâbah (sexual impurity) if they wish to do one of the following acts before making ghusl: going to sleep, having intimacy, eating or drinking, or staying in the masjid. This also applies to a woman whose bleeding has stopped, if she wants to sleep, eat, drink, or stay in the masjid before she makes ghusl.