وتُغْسَلُ نَجَاسَةُ الْكَلْبِ وَالْخِنْزِيْرِ سَبْعًا، إِحْدَاهُنَّ بِالتُّرَابِ.
The Book of Purification
Removing of Various Impurities
The book of purification
The book of prayer
Importance of Prayer & Ruling of its Abandonment
Facing the Qiblah & Intention in the Prayer
Etiquettes of Walking to Prayer and its Description
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Pillars and Mandatory Acts of Prayer
Two Prostrations of Forgetfulness
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers Continued
Times of Prohibition of (Supererogatory) Prayer
Congregational Prayers & Latecomers
Jumu'ah (Congregational Friday) Prayer
The Book of Funerals
The Book of Fasting
Removing of Various Impurities
[Removing Varius Impurities] 31
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31. One is required to remove the najâsah (impurities) on their body, garment, and place of prostration in ṣalâh.
32. Impurity from Pigs
The other view (a) + (-H, -M, -S) is that the pig’s impurity need only be washed once. This position is considered stronger by contemporary Ḥanbalis like Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah bestow mercy on him) in his book ash-Sharḥ al-Mumti‘. They argue that the analogy is imperfect because dogs and pigs are not similar. Also, pigs existed during the time of the Messenger (SA), and he did not make any specific regulations regarding the removal of their impurity. (A): All living animals that are the size of a cat or smaller are pure, so is their sweat and saliva. All animals and birds bigger in size than a cat and are impermissible to eat are impure and so is their sweat and saliva. This includes eagles, owls, donkeys, mules, monkeys, etc. (a): birds, donkeys and mules are pure. (a): the sweat is pure. (-M): All living animals, including pigs and dogs, are pure while alive, and their tears, sweat, and even saliva are all pure. (Minaḥ al-Jaleel) To them, the command concerning the dog’s licking of the utensils is devotional, not understandable. Once they are dead, they all become impure except for livestock which have been properly slaughtered.
33. Impurity from Dogs
The position above is because the Messenger of Allah (SA) said
“The purification of a utensil belonging to any of you, after it is licked by a dog, lies in washing it seven times, using soil for the first time.” (M – from Abu Hurayrah) In a different report in (M), he added also throwing away whatever is in the vessel.
طَهُورُ إِنَاءِ أَحَدِكُمْ إذا وَلَغَ فيه الْكَلْبُ أَنْ يَغْسِلَهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ أُولَاهُنَّ بِالتُّرَابِ.
It is sufficient for all other impurities to be washed three times until purified. 34
ويُجزِئُ في سَائِرِ النَّجَاسَاتِ ثَلاثٌ مُنْقِيَةٌ.
If the impurity is on the ground, then pouring water over it will remove it on account of the saying of the Messenger
وإن كانت النَّجَاسَةُ على الأرضِ فَصَبَّةٌ واحِدةٌ تَذهَبُ بِعَينِها لقوله :
This applies to utensils by agreement, but (H) requires one wash and recommends three, while (M) considers the seven washes only recommended.
(A): Soap would suffice instead of soil.
Clothes licked by a dog
(A) + (+S): Must be washed seven times, including once with soil (or soap).
(-H): Washing them once is sufficient, and three times is recommended. (-M): There is no need to wash them because the Prophet (SA) did not mention clothes, and likening clothes to utensils is not a perfect analogy.
Touching the body of the dog
(A) + (+S): All of the dog is impure, so if the body of the dog is wet, or it touches a wet surface, the najâsah will be transmitted to that surface. (a) + (-H): Only the saliva of the dog is impure; the body is pure.
(-M): All of the dog, including the saliva, is pure.
Dog excrement is impure according to all of them. (-H, -M): The najâsah is removed by one wash. (A) + (+S): It is like his saliva.
34. (A/SM): All impurities must be washed 7 times.
(a/Furoo‘) + (-H, -M, -S): One time that effectively removes the najâsah is sufficient. Their best proof is the lack of proof that any specific number was demanded. The hadith that is used to justify seven washes was deemed weak by many scholars, including Ibn ‘Abdul-Hâdi al-Ḥanbali. Also, they argued that the analogy between the impurities of dogs and all others is not justified.
(SA), “So pour upon the urine of the Bedouin one bucketful of water.” 35
"صُبَوا على بَولِ الأعْرَابِي ذنوبًا من ماء."
To remove the impurity of urine from a male 36 infant who has not yet started eating regular/solid food, it is sufficient to wet the area affected without soaking it.
ويُجزئ في بَوْلِ الغُلامِ الذي لم يَأكُل الطَّعَامَ النَّضْحُ.
The same ruling for the male infant’s urine applies to madhy (prostatic secretion). 37 A
وكذلك المَذْيُ، ويُعْفَى عَن يَسيرِه ويَسيرِ الدَّمِ
35. (Ag – from Anas) The word ‘Bedouin’ was not mentioned by the Prophet (SA) himself.
36. The Difference between the Urine of Male and Female Infants
Some scholars suggested that the reason for the distinction between the male and female is that the male’s urine splatters around and would cause hardship if it all had to be washed off.
It may also be because men used to take their male infants out in public more often, and the hardship of having to wash their urine was eased by this ruling.
There is a consensus (-Z) that the urine of the male infant is still najâsah
37. Madhy
Madhy is the prostatic secretion excreted by one when thinking of sex or during foreplay.
(A/SM): As with other impurities, whatever is soiled by madhy must be washed seven times. The one wash applies only to the penis and testicles (scrotum), for the Prophet (SA) said:
“Make ablution and wash your penis and testicles (scrotum).” (B – from ‘Ali from al-Miqdâd)
تَوَضَّأْ وَاغْسِلْ مَذاكِيرَك.
(a) + (-t): Madhy is considered to be a light impurity. In addition to washing the penis and scrotum, one may remove it from any other soiled surface by wetting it with water. This is because the Prophet (SA) said:
trivial amount of it [madhy] is excused. 38 Likewise, trivial amounts of blood 39and its byproducts such as pus, other purulent matter, and similar things are all exempt. The trivial amount is that which is not repugnant.
وما تَوَلَّدَ مِنه مِنَ القَيْحِ والصَّديدِ ونَحْوِه، وحَدُّ اليَسيرِ هو ما لا يَفْحُشُ في النَّفسِ.
[Human Semen and Urine of Livestock are Pure]
The semen of a human and the urine of the animals whose flesh can be eaten are all pure. 40
وَمَنِيٌّ الآدَمِيِّ، وبَوْلُ ما يُؤكَلُ لَحمُهُ طاهِرٌ.
“It is sufficient for you to take a handful of water and sprinkle it over [the stained spot on] your garment.” (D,T – from Sahl ibn Ḥunayf. T:R)
يَكْفِيَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ كَفًّا من مَاءٍ فَتَنْضَحَ بِهِ ثَوْبَكَ.
38. (A/Iqnâ‘): A trivial amount of madhy is not excused.
39. The similarity is in the exemption of trivial amounts only, but he did not mean that blood may be cleaned off by simple sprinkling, for according to (A), all blood is impure. According to (a), human blood – except for menstrual blood – is pure.
Exemption of Trivial Amounts of Filth
(A): Only blood, pus, and serosanguinous discharges (which contain both blood and serum). All four madh-habs agree on the exemption of trivial amounts of these.
(a) + (-H, -t): All types of najâsah are exempt in trivial amounts.
40. This is the position of the majority on both issues. In fact, all excrement of animals whose flesh can be eaten is pure. (A) + (+h, +M, +s) Summary of the madh-hab from (SM): In addition to humans, all living animals of a size equal to or smaller than a cat are pure, and all animals permissible to eat are pure as well. The rest of the animals are impure, meaning that their sweat and saliva are also impure.
All dead animals are impure except: humans, fish, locusts, and those that are bloodless. Given the above, if a mouse falls in some oil and comes out alive, the oil remains pure. If the mouse dies, it renders the oil impure. All urine and feces are impure except those of animals that can be eaten. All blood is impure, and pus and serosanguinous discharges have the same ruling. Khamr (an alcoholic beverage) is impure. [Non-liquid intoxicants are controversial.] Any najâsah that is transformed into some other substance continues to be impure, except for 1) wine that turns into vinegar by itself, and 2) a clot that turns into a pure animal inside the womb. All impurities must be washed seven times (and if it is an impurity from a dog or a pig, one of those washings must be with soil or soap). There are two exceptions
1. For the land and what is connected to it, such as walls and big basins, the filth can be removed by pouring abundant water once.
2. For the land and what is connected to it, such as walls and big basins, the filth can be removed by pouring abundant water once.
- Trivial amounts of najâsah remaining around the anus after wiping, and of leaked urine. This is also the position of (+M, +S).
- (-H): Trivial amounts of any impurities are always exempt.
- Small non-repugnant amounts of blood, pus, and serosanguinous discharges (from humans and pure animals).